War service: embarked Alexandria to join the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, Gallipoli, 25 August 1915; taken on strength, 9th Light Horse Regiment, Gallipoli, 29 August 1915.

Severely reprimanded, 15 November 1915, for conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline.

Disembarked Alexandria, 25 December 1915 (general Gallipoli evacuation).

Found guilty, Heliopolis, 1 January 1916, of (1) using obscene language to an NCO; (2) resisting arrest: awarded 10 days' detention.

Taken on strength, 11th Light Horse Regiment, 22 February 1916.

Appointed Lance Corporal, 25 August 1916.

Admitted to 14th Light Horse Field Ambulance, 9 May 1917 (bronchitis); transferred to 53rd Casualty Clearing Station, 9 May 1917; to 26th Casualty Clearing Station, 10 May 1917; to 24th Stationary Hospital, 11 May 1917; to Citadel Military Hospital, Cairo, 12 May 1917; to Convalescent Depot, Abbassia, 19 May 1917 (tonsilitis); taken on strength, 4th Light Horse Training Regiment, Moascar, 4 June 1917.

Found guilty, 18 June 1917, of being in Ismailia without a pass on 17 June: reduced to the ranks.

Taken on strength, 11th Light Horse Regiment, Tel el Fara, 20 June 1917.

Detached to Headquarters, 4th Light Horse Brigade, 20 October 1917, as Groom to Lt Manning, Brigade Scout Officer.

Marched in to Headquarters, Australian Mounted Division, 21 May 1918.

Marched in to 11th Light Horse Regiment, 15 July 1918.

Admitted to 4th Light Horse Field Ambulance, 8 August 1918; transferred to Australian Recovery Station, 9 August 1918 (dysentery); to 34th Casualty Clearing Station, 10 August 1918; to 36th Stationary Hospital, Gaza, 15 August 1918; to 24th Stationary Hospital, 17 August 1918; to 31st General Hosopital Abbassia, 19 August 1918; to Convalescent Depot, Boulac, 27 August 1918; discharged to duty, 10 September 1918.

Found guilty, Boulac, 9 September 1918, of being absent without leave, 1400-1550, 6 September 1918, and not having an identity disc: forfeited 2 days' pay.

Admitted to 76th Casualty Clearing Station, 11 October 1918 (gastritis, catarrh); transferred to 24th Stationary hospital; to 14th Australian General Hospital, 13 October 1918; to Rest Camp, Port Said, 19 October 1918.

Admitted to 24th Stationary hospital, Kantara, 14 March 1919 (indigestion); discharged, 26 March 1919.

Commenced return to Australia from Kantara on board HT 'Essex', 15 June 1919; admitted to ship's hospital, at sea, 9 July 1919 (synovitis, knee); discharged from hospital, 22 July 1919; disembarked Sydney, 28 July 1919; discharged, Sydney, 27 September 1919.