War service: Egypt, Western Front

Admitted to 4th Auxiliary Hospital, Abbassia, 13 March 1916 (mumps); discharged to unit, 25 March 1916.

Transferred to 24th Howitzer Brigade, 1 April 1916, and posted to 111th Battery.

Transferred to Brigade Ammunition Column, 18 April 1916; to be fitter.

Transferred to 111th Battery, 23 May 1916.

Embarked Alexandria to join the British Expeditionary Force, 3 June 1916; disembarked Marseilles, France.

Promoted Bombardier, 22 August 1916.

Transferred to 10th Field Artillery Brigade, 25 January 1917, and posted to 39th Battery.

Admitted to 10th Field Ambulance, 10 March 1917; transferred to 45th Casualty Clearing Station, 17 March 1917 (eczema); to 11th Stationary Hospital, Rouen, 20 March 1917; to No 2 Convalescent Depot, 21 March 1917; to Australian General Base Depot, Etaples, 4 April 1917; taken on strength, 4th Divisional Ammunition Column, in the field, 12 April 1917.

Transferred to 10th Field Artillery Brigade, 13 April 1917, and posted to 110th Battery.

Promoted Temporary Corporal, 3 October 1917; appointed Corporal, 17 October 1917.

Admitted to 12th Australian Field Ambulance, 19 December 1917 (bronchitis), and transferred to 21st Casualty Clearing Station; to 10th General Hospital, Rouen, 20 December 1917; to England, 22 December 1917, and admitted to Reading War Hospital, 23 December 1917; transferred to 3rd Australian Auxiliary Hospital, Dartford, 31 January 1918; discharged on furlough, 4 February 1918, to report to No 2 Command Depot, Weymouth, 18 February 1918.

Commenced return to Australia on board HT 'Kenilworth Castle', 12 March 1918; transshipped to HT 'Field Marshal', Durban, South Africa, 23 April 1918; disembarked Melbourne, 22 May 1918, for onward travel to Adelaide; discharged (medically unfit), Adelaide, 19 July 1918.

War service: 2 years 192 days (of which 2 years 285 days were abroad)