Enlisted 6 January 1915; discharged, 8 February 1915, for refusing to be inoculated.

Re-enlisted, 12 March 1915.

War service: Egypt, Gallipoli, Western Front

Embarked Melbourne, 10 May 1915.

Disembarked Alexandria from Mudros, 27 December 1915 (general Gallipoli evacuation).

Embarked Alexandria to join the British Expeditionary Force, 19 March 1916; disembarked Marseilles, France, 26 March 1916.

Transferred to 21st Bn, 14 July 1916.

Found guilty, 9 September 1916, of being absent from 6.30 am parade: awarded 168 hours' Field Punishment No 2.

Admitted to No 1 NZ Stationary Hospital, Amiens, 17 December 1916 (gonorrhea); transferred to 51st General Hospital, Etaples, 24 December 1916; discharged to Base Depot, Etaples, 28 February 1917; total period of treatment for venereal disease: 75 days; rejoined Bn, in the field, 7 March 1917.

Wounded in action, 3 May 1917 (gun shot wound, left shoulder/chest); admitted to 3rd Australian Casualty Clearing Station, 4 May 1917; transferred to 9th General Hospital, Rouen, 9 May 1917; to England, 22 May 1917, and admitted to Richmond Military Hospital, 24 May 1917; transferred to 3rd Australian Auxiliary Hospital, Dartford, 22 June 1917; discharged to No 2 Command Depot, Weymouth, 25 July 1917.

Commenced return to Australia, 25 August 1917; discharged, 10 December 1917.