War service: Western Front

Enlisted in the AIF at Casula, New South Wales, 22 November 1915. Embarked for overseas, 22 August 1916; disembarked at Plymouth, England, 13 October 1916.

Proceeded overseas to France, 13 December 1916; joined 20th Bn, 26 January 1917. Admitted to 6th Australian Field Ambulance, 6 March 1917 (scabies); rejoined unit from hospital, 16 March 1917. Admitted to 9th Casualty Clearing Station, 26 July 1917 (chancroid); transferred to 39th General Hospital, 29 July 1917; discharged to Base Depot, 11 September 1917.

Admitted to 2nd General Hospital, 29 December 1917 (throat - not yet diagnosed); discharged to Base Depot, 4 January 1918; rejoined unit, 27 January 1918.

Admitted to 5th Australian Field Ambulance, 17 March 1918 (gonorrhoea); discharged to duty, 4 April 1918; rejoined unit, 25 June 1918. Admitted to 14th Australian Field Ambulance, 2 August 1918 (gonorrhoea); transferred to 2nd Canadian General Hospital, Le Trepot, 7 August 1918; discharged to duty, 8 October 1918. Total venereal disease treatment: 68 days.

Charged at Field General Court Martial held at Le Havre, 23 September 1918 with (1) being absent without leave from 39th General Hospital, 12 September 1918; (2) committing an offence against an inhabitant of the country (being concerned in the theft of about 80 francs from Charles Mercier). Found guilty of the first charge, and sentenced to 14 days Field Punishment No. 1; found not guilty of the second charge. Admitted to 37th Casualty Clearing Station, 29 November 1918; transferred to 1st General Hospital, 18 December 1918 (debility); discharged to Base Depot, 7 January 1919.

Transferred from 20th Bn to Australian Base Depot (No. 1 Camp), 12 April 1919. Marched out to England, 7 June 1919; marched in to No. 2 Group, 7 June 1919. Found guilty at Sutton Veny of being absent without leave from 9.30 am, 28 August 1919, to 1.35 pm, 1 September 1919: awarded forfeiture of 21 days' pay.

Discharged in England from the AIF on account of demobilisation, 23 October 1919.