War service: Western Front

Embarked Adelaide, 7 November 1916; disembarked Plymouth, England, 9 January 1917, and marched in to 7th Training Bn, Rollestone. Admitted to Military Hospital, Omagh, Co Tyrone, 25 January 1917 (influenza).

Proceeded overseas to France, 3 April 1917; taken on strength, 27th Bn, 9 April 1917.

On leave to England, 1 March 1918; rejoined Bn from being an illegal absentee, 20 April 1918. Found guilty, 9 May 1918, of being absent without leave from 15 March until apprehended at 8 am, 12 April 1918 (29 days): awarded forfeiture of 14 days' pay; total forfeiture 40 days' pay.

Wounded in action, 3 October 1918 (shrapnel wound, right shoulder), and admitted to 5th Australian Field Ambulance; transferred to 12th Casualty Clearing Station, 3 October 1918, and by Ambulance Train to 12th General Hospital, Rouen, 4 October 1918; to England, 6 October 1918, and admitted to 4th Southern General Hospital, Plymouth, 7 October 1918. Discharged on furlough, 4 November 1918, to report to No 1 Command Depot, Sutton Veny, 18 November 1918.

Commenced return to Australia from Devonport on board HMAT 'Delta', 25 January 1919; admitted to ship's hospital, 30 January 1919 (influenza); discharged to duty, 4 February 1919; disembarked Adelaide, 5 March 1919; discharged, 17 April 1919.